Occupation
Parole or Probation Officer
ANZSCO 411714 · Skill level 2
Supervises offenders who have been placed on probation by court order or released conditionally from corrective service institutions.
Occupation Records
ANZSCO code 411714.
- ANZSCO 2013 v1.2: Parole or Probation Officer · Skill level 2
- ANZSCO 2022: Parole or Probation Officer · Skill level 2
ABS Classification Profile
Occupation definition
Occupation definition · 411714 · Parole or Probation Officer
The occupation definition lead statement is identical to the statement in ANZSCO 2022 and is not repeated here. View the shared definition.
Skill level: 2
Unit group 4117 · WELFARE SUPPORT WORKERS
provide support, information and advice to clients on emotional, financial, recreational, health, housing and other social welfare matters, and evaluate and coordinate the services of welfare and community service agencies.
Indicative skill level for this unit group
Most occupations in this unit group have a level of skill commensurate with the qualifications and experience outlined below.
At least three years of relevant experience may substitute for the formal qualifications listed above. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification.
Qualification levels by labour market
- In Australia: AQF Associate Degree, Advanced Diploma or Diploma (ANZSCO Skill Level 2)
- In New Zealand: NZ Register Diploma (ANZSCO Skill Level 2)
The ANZSCO 2013 v1.2 unit-group task list is identical to the list in ANZSCO 2022 and is not repeated here. View the shared task list.
ABS Classification Profile
Occupation Definition
Definition shared with the occupation introduction.
- ANZSCO skill level
- 2
Unit Group 4117 · Welfare Support Workers
Welfare Support Workers provide support, information and advice to clients on emotional, financial, recreational, health, housing and other social welfare matters, and evaluate and coordinate the services of welfare and community service agencies.
Most occupations in this unit group have a level of skill commensurate with the qualifications and experience outlined below.
At least three years of relevant experience may substitute for the formal qualifications listed above. In some instances relevant experience and/or on-the-job training may be required in addition to the formal qualification.
Qualification levels by labour market
- In Australia: AQF Associate Degree, Advanced Diploma or Diploma (ANZSCO Skill Level 2)
- In New Zealand: NZQF Diploma (ANZSCO Skill Level 2)
Indicative tasks for unit group 4117 Welfare Support Workers
Unit-group tasks: These are representative tasks for the wider classification group, not occupation-specific duties and not necessarily applicable to every occupation in it.
- assessing clients' needs and planning, developing and implementing educational, training and support programs
- interviewing clients and assessing the nature and extent of difficulties
- monitoring and reporting on the progress of clients
- referring clients to agencies that can provide additional help
- assessing community need and resources for health, welfare, housing, employment, training and other facilities and services
- liaising with community groups, welfare agencies, government bodies and private businesses about community issues and promoting awareness of community resources and services
- supporting families and providing education and care for children and disabled persons in adult service units, group housing and government institutions
- supervising offenders on probation and parole
- assisting young people to solve social, emotional and financial problems
- preparing submissions for funding and resources, and reports to government bodies and other agencies
Based on Australian Bureau of Statistics, ANZSCO 2022 Australian Update; modified for search under CC BY 4.0. View the ABS unit-group source · 2022 edition and release information.
Federal list and assessing-authority source matches
Edition-tagged mappings checked 2026-10-31. Each row links to its source instrument. A mapped row does not establish personal eligibility or a current invitation; source conditions and current rules still apply.
No visa-list or assessing-authority mapping rows were recorded for ANZSCO 2013 v1.2, ANZSCO 2022 in this snapshot. This is not a determination of ineligibility.
Federal occupation-list entries
- No national occupation-list match is recorded for this record in the included edition-keyed mapping snapshot.
Assessing-authority mappings
- No assessing-authority mapping is recorded for this record in the included edition-keyed mapping snapshot.
Classification titles help identify the indexed record; they do not decide how an individual’s work is classified or whether assessment or visa requirements are met.
Classification sources: ANZSCO 2013 v1.2 · ANZSCO 2022. Modified for search under CC BY 4.0.
State nomination
Select a state or territory to see its plain-English overview, current 190/491 comparison, key notes and official program link.
✓ Open · × Closed · ? Not confirmed
| Jurisdiction | 190 | 491 | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Not confirmed | Not confirmed | Program review due — check official sourceProgram checked 2026-11-10 · Program review due | |
| Not confirmed | Not confirmed | Program review due — check official sourceProgram checked 2026-11-10 · Program review due | |
| Not confirmed | Not confirmed | Program review due — check official sourceProgram checked 2026-11-10 · Program review due | |
| Not confirmed | Not confirmed | Program review due — check official sourceProgram checked 2026-11-10 · Program review due | |
| Not confirmed | Not confirmed | Program review due — check official sourceProgram checked 2026-11-10 · Program review due | |
| Not confirmed | Not confirmed | Program review due — check official sourceProgram checked 2026-11-10 · Program review due | |
| Not confirmed | Not confirmed | Program review due — check official sourceProgram checked 2026-11-10 · Program review due | |
| Not confirmed | Not confirmed | Program review due — check official sourceProgram checked 2026-11-10 · Program review due |
Open: The pathway is accepting the listed step, subject to its rules. Not confirmed: The available sources do not establish whether the pathway is open for this occupation. An open pathway does not confirm personal eligibility or an invitation.
Australian Capital Territory
Program checked 2026-11-10 · Occupation list checked 2026-11-10 · Federal list checked 2026-10-31 · Review due — check official sources
Captured program context (checked 2026-11-10): The ACT uses the Canberra Matrix to select people for skilled visa nomination. The Matrix is available for both visas, with different pathway requirements.
Current intake not confirmed — source review due
Pathway status for this occupation
- Subclass 190: Not confirmed
- Subclass 491: Not confirmed
Captured note: Matrix open; conditions apply
Canberra Matrix ↗ Checked 2026-11-10
Program Pathways
- 190 · Canberra MatrixCanberra Matrix submissions are open
Stream and occupation requirements apply. The 2026–27 allocation is pending. Check the official invitation schedule for dates and subclasses.
Status as of 2026-11-10 - 491 · Canberra MatrixCanberra Matrix submissions are open
Stream and occupation requirements apply. The 2026–27 allocation is pending. Check the official invitation schedule for dates and subclasses.
Status as of 2026-11-10
We couldn’t confirm an occupation-list entry from the state sources checked.
Australian Capital Territory sources and scope
Federal occupation instruments
- LIN 19/051 instrument ↗
- Federal subclass 190 match: not_listed
- Classification edition: 2013-v1.2
- Federal subclass 491 match: not_listed
Program rules
- Canberra Matrix ↗
- 190 · matrix submission
- Checked 2026-11-10
- You can submit a Canberra Matrix using the ACT Migration Application Portal.
- 491 · matrix submission
- ACT nomination ↗
- 190 · matrix submission
- Checked 2026-11-10
- The ACT’s 2026-27 allocation of nomination places have not yet been confirmed by the Australian Government.
- 491 · matrix submission
Invitation rounds
- Canberra Matrix – Invitation Round ↗
- 190 · matrix submission
- Checked 2026-11-10
- Week starting 25 January 2027
- 491 · matrix submission
- Week starting 12 October 2026 (Subclass 190 only)
New South Wales
Program checked 2026-11-10 · Occupation list checked 2026-11-02 · Federal list checked 2026-10-31 · Review due — check official sources
Captured program context (checked 2026-11-10): NSW selects candidates for 190 nomination by invitation using the state unit-group and federal lists. Its 491 page has an undated closure notice alongside general pathway instructions; current 491 availability is not confirmed.
Current intake not confirmed — source review due
Pathway status for this occupation
- Subclass 190: Not confirmed
- Subclass 491: Not confirmed
Captured note: 190 by invitation; 491 closure notice needs checking
Skilled Nominated visa (subclass 190) ↗ Checked 2026-11-10
Program Pathways
- 190 · Selection-based invitationBy invitation; no public round dates
Applicants cannot apply directly for NSW nomination. The official page describes invitations throughout the financial year but does not confirm a particular current or next round.
Status as of 2026-11-10 - 491 · Pathway 2 — invitation-basedCurrent 491 availability not confirmed; undated closure notice
The official page has an undated program closure notice alongside generic pathway instructions. The notice does not identify its program year. Current subclass 491 availability is not confirmed; do not treat general Pathway 2 instructions as evidence of active invitations.
Status as of 2026-11-10 - 491 · Pathways 1 and 3 direct nomination applicationsCurrent 491 availability not confirmed; undated closure notice
The official page has an undated program closure notice alongside generic pathway instructions. The notice does not identify its program year. Current subclass 491 availability is not confirmed; do not treat general Pathway 2 instructions as evidence of active invitations.
Status as of 2026-11-10
The NSW 190 list uses ANZSCO unit groups and must be combined with the relevant federal visa list.
New South Wales sources and scope
Federal occupation instruments
- LIN 19/051 instrument ↗
- Federal subclass 190 match: not_listed
- Classification edition: 2013-v1.2
- Federal subclass 491 match: not_listed
Program context
- NSW Skills Lists ↗
- The NSW 190 list uses ANZSCO unit groups and must be combined with the relevant federal visa list.
Program rules
- Skilled Nominated visa (subclass 190) ↗
- 190 · invitation round
- Checked 2026-11-10
- You cannot directly apply for NSW nomination.
- Invitation rounds occur throughout the financial year. There are no predetermined or publicly announced dates for invitation rounds.
- NSW 491 closure notice and pathway instructions ↗
- 491 · invitation round
- Checked 2026-11-10
- Undated closure notice appears alongside general invitation instructions; the notice does not identify its program year.
- 491 · nomination application
Occupation lists
- Official occupation-list source ↗
- Scope: NSW Skills List, subclass 190, at ANZSCO unit-group level.
- Checked 2026-11-02
- Listing match: Four-digit occupation group
- NSW source row 4117 is a unit-group match only. This lookup does not expand it into an occupation-code listing.
- A unit-group match does not establish that every occupation in the group is eligible, that an invitation is available, or that an individual meets federal or NSW criteria. The NSW page says the regional 491 list is awaiting a further update.
Northern Territory
Program checked 2026-11-10 · Occupation list checked 2026-11-02 · Federal list checked 2026-10-31 · Review due — check official sources
Captured program context (checked 2026-11-10): The Northern Territory is accepting new 491 applications only for certain onshore applicants by exception. New 190 and offshore applications are not being accepted in the captured update.
Current intake not confirmed — source review due
Pathway status for this occupation
- Subclass 190: Not confirmed
- Subclass 491: Not confirmed
Captured note: 491 onshore exceptions
NT Government visa nomination ↗ Checked 2026-11-10
Program Pathways
- 190 · NT nomination pathwaysNo new subclass 190 nomination applications accepted
The NT update says no new subclass 190 applications are accepted at this time; it does not provide an exception for this subclass.
Status as of 2026-10-13 - 491 · Offshore Priority Occupation, Job Offer and Family streamsNo new offshore stream applications accepted
The exception is limited to qualifying onshore NT Graduate or NT Resident subclass 491 applicants; offshore streams remain closed.
Status as of 2026-10-13 - 491 · NT Graduate / NT Resident; urgent visa deadline exceptionsException applications only for qualifying onshore applicants
The exception requires a substantive visa deadline, age 45, or points deadline on or before 30 Sep 2027, meeting the listed NT criteria. Nominations before a visa deadline are not guaranteed.
Status as of 2026-10-13
We couldn’t confirm an occupation-list entry from the state sources checked.
Northern Territory sources and scope
Federal occupation instruments
- LIN 19/051 instrument ↗
- Federal subclass 190 match: not_listed
- Classification edition: 2013-v1.2
- Federal subclass 491 match: not_listed
Program rules
- NT Government visa nomination ↗
- 190 · nomination application
- Published 2026-10-13
- Checked 2026-11-10
- No new nomination applications will be accepted at this time for Skilled Nominated (subclass 190) visa.
- 491 · nomination application
- No new nomination applications will be accepted at this time for any offshore streams.
- New nomination applications will only be accepted by exception for Skilled Work Regional (Provisional) visa (subclass 491) for onshore applicants.
Queensland
Program checked 2026-11-10 · Occupation list checked 2026-11-02 · Federal list checked 2026-10-31 · Review due — check official sources
Captured program context (checked 2026-11-10): Queensland accepts registrations of interest from eligible onshore and offshore skilled workers. The occupation list, visa subclass and pathway criteria must all be checked.
Current intake not confirmed — source review due
Pathway status for this occupation
- Subclass 190: Not confirmed
- Subclass 491: Not confirmed
Captured note: ROIs available; pathway conditions apply
Queensland onshore skilled worker pathway ↗ Checked 2026-11-10
Program Pathways
- 190 · Skilled visa Registration of InterestEligible onshore and offshore ROIs can be submitted
The current onshore and offshore pathway pages welcome eligible ROIs and their 2026-27 forms are available. Occupation, visa, location and pathway criteria still apply. Read-only form availability was checked; successful submission was not tested. The homepage still contains the earlier future-tense 6 November announcement.
Status as of 2026-11-10 - 491 · Skilled visa Registration of InterestEligible onshore and offshore ROIs can be submitted
The current onshore and offshore pathway pages welcome eligible ROIs and their 2026-27 forms are available. Occupation, visa, location and pathway criteria still apply. Read-only form availability was checked; successful submission was not tested. The homepage still contains the earlier future-tense 6 November announcement.
Status as of 2026-11-10
We couldn’t confirm an occupation-list entry from the state sources checked.
Queensland sources and scope
Federal occupation instruments
- LIN 19/051 instrument ↗
- Federal subclass 190 match: not_listed
- Classification edition: 2013-v1.2
- Federal subclass 491 match: not_listed
Program rules
- Queensland onshore skilled worker pathway ↗
- 190 · registration of interest
- Checked 2026-11-10
- Eligible onshore candidates may lodge a Queensland ROI; occupation, visa and pathway conditions apply.
- 491 · registration of interest
- Queensland offshore skilled worker pathway ↗
- 190 · registration of interest
- Checked 2026-11-10
- Eligible offshore candidates may lodge a Queensland ROI; occupation, visa and pathway conditions apply.
- 491 · registration of interest
South Australia
Program checked 2026-11-10 · Occupation list checked 2026-11-02 · Federal list checked 2026-10-31 · Review due — check official sources
Captured program context (checked 2026-11-10): South Australia has nomination pathways for people living and working in the state and for candidates overseas. The current onshore registration is limited to a specified visa-expiry group.
Current intake not confirmed — source review due
Pathway status for this occupation
- Subclass 190: Not confirmed
- Subclass 491: Not confirmed
Captured note: Onshore; visa-expiry limit
South Australia General Skilled Migration Program Update ↗ Checked 2026-11-10
Program Pathways
- 190 or 491, subject to stream and occupation pathway · SkillSelect EOI; invitation directly from EOI reviewOffshore candidates use EOI; ROI not required; invitations issued to suitable candidates
A current SkillSelect EOI is required. The visa subclass and stream depend on occupation and program criteria; this does not mean every EOI will be invited.
Status as of 2026-10-22 - 190 or 491, subject to stream and occupation pathway · Onshore Registration of InterestOnshore ROI open for the stated visa-expiry cohort
This is limited to people living and working in SA whose current visas expire by 31 Jan 2027. Subclass and invitation treatment vary by stream and occupation; this status is not a nomination or eligibility decision.
Status as of 2026-10-22
We couldn’t confirm an occupation-list entry from the state sources checked.
South Australia sources and scope
Federal occupation instruments
- LIN 19/051 instrument ↗
- Federal subclass 190 match: not_listed
- Classification edition: 2013-v1.2
- Federal subclass 491 match: not_listed
Program rules
- South Australia General Skilled Migration Program Update ↗
- 190 or 491, subject to stream and occupation pathway · invitation from eoi
- Published 2026-10-22
- Checked 2026-11-10
- Suitable candidates will be invited directly from their EOI lodged in SkillSelect.
- 190 or 491, subject to stream and occupation pathway · registration of interest
- South Australia is now open for Registrations of Interest (ROI).
- whose current visas are due to expire by 31 January 2027.
- Moving to South Australia from overseas ↗
- 190 or 491, subject to stream and occupation pathway · invitation from eoi
- Checked 2026-11-10
- If you are applying from outside Australia, you do not need to submit a Registration of Interest (ROI).
- Skilled migrants — South Australia ↗
- 190 or 491, subject to stream and occupation pathway · registration of interest
- Checked 2026-11-10
- Skilled Nominated visa (subclass 190) and Skilled Work Regional (Provisional) visa (subclass 491).
Tasmania
Program checked 2026-11-10 · Occupation list checked 2026-11-02 · Federal list checked 2026-10-31 · Review due — check official sources
Captured program context (checked 2026-11-10): Tasmania has skilled nomination pathways for people living in Tasmania and some overseas applicants. Registrations of interest are open; the offshore occupation-profile pathway has a separate pause.
Current intake not confirmed — source review due
Pathway status for this occupation
- Subclass 190: Not confirmed
- Subclass 491: Not confirmed
Captured note: ROI open; offshore pause
Tasmania processing times and invitations ↗ Checked 2026-11-10
Program Pathways
- 491 · Overseas Skilled Occupation Profiles — invitation-onlyNo invitations planned for this offshore 491 pathway in 2026-27
Migration Tasmania says it will not issue invitations through this specific pathway this program year. Overseas health/teaching applicants with a Tasmanian job offer have a separate 190 pathway.
Status as of 2026-08-05 - 190 or 491 · Tasmanian Skilled Migration ProgramROIs opened 17 August 2026
Other nomination pathway and occupation requirements apply. No invitations are planned in 2026-27 under the offshore Overseas Skilled Occupation Profiles pathway.
Status as of 2026-11-10
Tasmania says all occupations on the relevant federal 190 and 491 lists have at least one nomination pathway; conditions vary.
We couldn’t confirm an occupation-list entry from the state sources checked.
Tasmania sources and scope
Federal occupation instruments
- LIN 19/051 instrument ↗
- Federal subclass 190 match: not_listed
- Classification edition: 2013-v1.2
- Federal subclass 491 match: not_listed
Program context
- Tasmania skilled migration ↗
- Tasmania says all occupations on the relevant federal 190 and 491 lists have at least one nomination pathway; conditions vary.
Invitation rounds
- Tasmania processing times and invitations ↗
- Round date: 2026-11-05
- 190 · invitation to apply for nomination
- Published 2026-11-05
- Checked 2026-11-10
- Latest published round: 5 November 2026; 68 subclass-190 invitations, including 11 Gold and 57 Green.
- 491 · invitation to apply for nomination
- Latest published round: 5 November 2026; 28 subclass-491 invitations, including 1 Gold and 27 further invitations.
Program rules
- 2026-27 Program Opening / 2026–27 program opening ↗
- 491 · invitation to apply for nomination
- Published 2026-08-05
- Checked 2026-11-10
- No invitations planned for 2026-27.
- 190 or 491 · registration of interest
- Published 2026-08-17
- The Tasmanian Skilled Migration State Nomination Program will open to new ROIs on 17 August 2026.
- Register your interest ↗
- 190 or 491 · registration of interest
- Checked 2026-11-10
- Lodge your Registration of Interest (ROI) with the Migration Tasmania Application Gateway.
- Skilled migration eligible occupations ↗
- 190 or 491 · registration of interest
- Checked 2026-11-10
- All occupations on the Australian Government’s subclass 190 and 491 Skilled Occupation List are eligible
Victoria
Program checked 2026-11-10 · Occupation list checked 2026-11-02 · Federal list checked 2026-10-31 · Review due — check official sources
Captured program context (checked 2026-11-10): Victoria uses a registration of interest to select candidates for skilled nomination. The 190 registration is open in the captured notice; 491 registrations are not yet being accepted.
Current intake not confirmed — source review due
Pathway status for this occupation
- Subclass 190: Not confirmed
- Subclass 491: Not confirmed
Captured note: 190 ROI; 491 not yet open
2026-27 Skilled visa nomination program ↗ Checked 2026-11-10
Program Pathways
- 190 · Registration of Interest (ROI)Subclass 190 ROI open
An applicant must submit or update a SkillSelect EOI, then submit a separate Victorian ROI. An ROI is not a nomination application or invitation.
Status as of 2026-11-10 - 491 · Registration of Interest (ROI)Subclass 491 places not finalised; ROI not currently accepted
Victoria says 2026-27 subclass 491 places are not yet finalised and ROIs are not being accepted pending confirmation.
Status as of 2026-11-10
Victoria accepts 190 ROIs for eligible occupations on the relevant federal list; the captured priority subset is not the complete eligibility list.
We couldn’t confirm an occupation-list entry from the state sources checked.
Victoria sources and scope
Federal occupation instruments
- LIN 19/051 instrument ↗
- Federal subclass 190 match: not_listed
- Classification edition: 2013-v1.2
- Federal subclass 491 match: not_listed
Program context
- Victoria skilled visa FAQ ↗
- Victoria accepts 190 ROIs for eligible occupations on the relevant federal list; the captured priority subset is not the complete eligibility list.
Program rules
- 2026-27 Skilled visa nomination program ↗
- 190 · registration of interest
- Checked 2026-11-10
- Victoria’s 2026–27 skilled visa nomination program is now open for Registrations of Interest for the Skilled Nominated visa (subclass 190).
- 491 · registration of interest
- Registrations of Interest for subclass 491 nomination are not currently being accepted.
- Nomination places for the Skilled Work Regional (Provisional) visa (subclass 491) have not yet been finalised.
Western Australia
Program checked 2026-11-10 · Occupation list checked 2026-11-02 · Federal list checked 2026-10-31 · Review due — check official sources
Captured program context (checked 2026-11-10): Western Australia publishes 2026-27 invitation activity for 190 and 491. Eligible occupations and requirements vary by nomination stream; those historical rounds do not establish current intake for every occupation.
Current intake not confirmed — source review due
Pathway status for this occupation
- Subclass 190: Not confirmed
- Subclass 491: Not confirmed
Captured note: 2026-27 rounds published; check current stream
WA State Nominated Migration Program — current invitation reporting ↗ Checked 2026-11-10
Program Pathways
- 190 · General, Defence industry or Graduate stream; current occupation/stream availability not confirmed2026-27 invitation rounds published; current intake not confirmed
The official current-round section reports 14 October invitations. Its 2026-27 table records 1,100 invitations in September and 1,227 in October, across 190 and 491 tracks. This is historical invitation activity, not proof of current availability for every occupation or stream. Do not carry 2025-26 criteria forward without verification.
Status as of 2026-11-10 - 491 · General, Defence industry or Graduate stream; current occupation/stream availability not confirmed2026-27 invitation rounds published; current intake not confirmed
The official current-round section reports 14 October invitations. Its 2026-27 table records 1,100 invitations in September and 1,227 in October, across 190 and 491 tracks. This is historical invitation activity, not proof of current availability for every occupation or stream. Do not carry 2025-26 criteria forward without verification.
Status as of 2026-11-10
We couldn’t confirm an occupation-list entry from the state sources checked.
Western Australia sources and scope
Federal occupation instruments
- LIN 19/051 instrument ↗
- Federal subclass 190 match: not_listed
- Classification edition: 2013-v1.2
- Federal subclass 491 match: not_listed
Program rules
- WA State Nominated Migration Program — current invitation reporting ↗
- 190 · program intake
- Checked 2026-11-10
- Current-year reporting records September and October invitations for both visa tracks; occupation and stream availability still need checking.
- 491 · program intake
Submitted EOIs by visa
As at 31 October 2026 · SUBMITTED status · counts are EOI records, not people or invitations; visa tracks may overlap.
No occupation-specific row appears in this snapshot. This is not a zero count.
Earnings · unit group 4117 · Welfare Support Workers
May 2025 median full-time earnings · Full-time non-managerial employees paid at the adult rate; before tax and salary sacrificed amounts.
- Median weekly
- 1,844 AUD/week
- Median hourly
- 49 AUD/hour
Earnings are four-digit unit-group estimates, not this six-digit occupation. See the population description above. The exported statistics do not state their ANZSCO classification editions.
Sources: Home Affairs SkillSelect EOI Dashboard · Jobs and Skills Australia occupation profiles.
Occupation data: ABS ANZSCO 2013 v1.2 and ANZSCO 2022. Adapted by Oz Unpacked · Data licence